Definition

Type 1 diabetes occurs when a child's body produces very little or no insulin, the hormone required for converting sugar into energy. Although it's not known exactly why, the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in a dangerous buildup of sugar in the bloodstream.

Symptoms

Children with this form of diabetes may be lethargic and irritable, may complain of blurred vision, abdominal pain and extreme thirst and hunger, or may lose weight, according to the Mayo Clinic. Girls with Type 1 diabetes may also develop yeast infections.

Cause

While no exact cause is know, the Mayo Clinic says a child is more likely to develop Type 1 diabetes under these conditions: - if exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus, coxsackievirus, mumps or cytomegalovirus - if the mother was under 25 or had preeclampsia during pregnancy - if jaundiced or had a respiratory infection as a newborn).

Complications

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to heart disease, osteoporosis and serious damage to the kidneys, eyes, nerves and feet.

Treatment

Children with diabetes need their blood sugar levels checked throughout the day and will require insulin treatment. Regular exercise and a healthy diet are also vital for children with diabetes.

Source:

The Mayo Clinic