ANSWERS: 2
  • 1) "The Kalama River is a tributary of the Columbia River, in the U.S. state of Washington. Its entire course is contained in Cowlitz County, Washington. Calama River is an old variant name. - Course: The Kalama River originates in the Cascade Range just south of Mount St. Helens. It flows generally west, joining the Columbia River near Kalama." Source and further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalama_River "The Kalama River, which drains southwestward from Mount St. Helens, has a drainage area of 205 square miles. Mudflows entered the upper part of the Kalama River during the May 18, 1980 eruption (Christiansen and Peterson, 1981)." Source and further information: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Hydrology/Drainages/Kalama/description_kalama.html Map of the region: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Maps/map_msh_hydro_features.html Further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Range http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_St._Helens 2) "The head of the Kalama River begins on the flanks of Mount St. Helens and drains an area of 205 square miles before entering the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 73. Much of the landscape of the Kalama River drainage was formed during the last 20,000 years as a result of volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens. Lahars (mudflows) from the volcano traveled down many of the Kalama Basin drainages, leaving unconsolidated volcanic deposits that have a tendency to erode on steep slopes. The lower 8 miles of the Kalama River is flat to moderate. A shallow bar exists at the river's mouth and extends well into the Columbia River. Tidal influences extend up to approximately Modrow Bridge at RM 2.8. At RM 10, the lower Kalama Falls blocked most anadromous fish passage other than summer steelhead. The Falls was laddered in 1936 and then improved in the 1950s. At RM 35 an impassable falls blocks all anadromous passage. Many of the tributaries to the Kalama have steep gradients, with only the lower portions of the streams accessible to anadromous fish. (Information courtesy of Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority Website, 2004)" Source and further information: http://www.columbiariverimages.com/Regions/Places/kalama_river.html

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