I rearended a vehicle and my air bags didnt deploy, can i sue?

Perhaps you did not hit the car in front of you hard enough. Next time, go faster, much faster so you concertina the whole front end of your car into a crinkly ball. Be happy that your airbags did not 'go off' because you might have killed the poor fucker in front of you. Airbags are designed for extreme impacts - you know the ones where without them you go through the windshield or your seat belt breaks you neck and ribs. Airbags are also not without danger and you will sustain injury from the inflation let alone the impact. This is why once airbags have inflated, they cannot be 'put back' as such. You cannot just deflate them like balloons and stick them back in the dashboard. If the impact is severe enough to inflate the airbags then the car is going to be a write-off and irreparable. They will not deploy unless you impact at speed and with enough force else the risk of deployment under regular driving conditions would be too great and would endanger more lives than they save. Perhaps you have actually been quite lucky and got away with a shunt rather than a full blown head-on collision. I bet the guy in the car in front thinks so.

Your SRS (safety restraint system) should be inspected every ten years. If your car is older than that and you haven't had it inspected you may not have a case.

Also, modern airbags are designed to NOT go off in slow speed collisions.

You can sue for anything, but I can't tell you whether or not you'll win. Honestly, unless you were injured, I wouldn't want to go through the trouble, anyway.

But, yes, if your car is new, and you hit the other car hard enough, they should have deployed.