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All sound, even complex sound combining voice and numerous instruments, when mixed goteher, results in a single analog waveform with a frequency range that varies from moment to moment between 20 Hz (cycles [or waves] per second) to 20 Khz (20 thousand cycles per second), which is the approximate range of human hearing. Much of that frequency range is lost on analog vinyl recordings, especially at the very high frequencies, which is why digital media such as CDs and MP3 computer files are far superior in frequency response and signal quality.
When that waveform is etched onto a groove of a phonograph record, that wave is tranformed through an equalization algorithm (known as RIAA equalization) that reduces the amplitude of the lower frequency waves so that the groove will not undulate too wildly on the surface of the vinyl. Otherwise, the undulatuions in the groove from powerful bass sounds would throw the needle out of the groove. When played back, the signal from the needle is processed by an inverse algorithm in the Phono Preamplifier that restores the original waveform to the proper proportions.
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You're reading How does a record get all those different sounds (Highs and lows, voice and instruments ) on just one groove?
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