ANSWERS: 1
  • At its dawn (around 1996 if i remember correctly) Java emerged as an alternative to C++ with main focus on three issues: 1. To address C++ weakness due to its origins in C (like go-to, explicit memory release, weak typing,...) 2. To decouple the programmer from the underlying OS 3. To provide standard libraries for handling common tasks Another nice marketing trick was introducing applets in Netscape 2.0, which allowed for first truly client-side dynamic pages At each evolution of Java (Java 1.1, Java 1.2, Java 1.3 and the latest Java 1.4) the main focus was put into the third part, introducing libraries for images, XML, logging, networking and so on. Furthermore, some effort has been put into GUI (the infamous Swing components) and allowing OS-specific interaction (JNI) The upcoming Java 1.5 edition will provide templates, enums (both much missed by C++ programmers), typed collections and much more. The recent C# was Microsoft's attempt to match Java's abilities in the third part (standard libraries) with some progress in the first part. Although, until this day the main Java-marketing slogan is "write once, run everywhere" (which ultimately means that Sun has to produce a lot of JVMs and we still have to pay overhead for executing Bytecode)

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