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by pankaj Kumar on November 16th, 2004

pankaj Kumar

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How does bone marrow produce blood?

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  • by Michael Edelman on November 22nd, 2004

    Michael Edelman

    Red blood cells, which make up the bulk of blood, are produced from stem cells in the bone marrow. Stem cells reproduce in bone marrow and provide the raw material from which red blood calls can be produced.

    A pluripotent (undifferentialted) stem cell becomes a multipotent stem cell, which in turn becomes a unipotential stem cell, which is to say it is now a specialized cell destined to become a specific type of blood cell. . After going through a few more stages it is released from the bone marrow, and ultimately becomes an erythrocyte, or mature red blood cell.

    White blood cells, which are actually immune cells, are also produced in bone marrow from pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells, but go thorugh different stages to eventually become one of the six types of immune cells classified as white blood cells.

    There are other componants in blood- plasma (the liquid componant), platlets, etc., which are produced by other specialized cells. Platelets, for example, are produced by megakaryocytes. Plasma is 90% water, but also contains other proteins, like albumin, that are produced by specialized marrow cells.

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  • by reddonna on May 21st, 2009

    reddonna

    Pluripotent stem cells, which are the common ancestor of all blood cells, differentiate into lymphoid progenitors, and mixed myeloid progenitors.

    The lymphoid progenitor produces lymphocytes (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells).

    The mixed myeloid progenitor produces all other blood cells => erythrocytes (RBCs), eosinophils, basiphils, neutrophils, monocytes, and megakaryocytes (which bud into platelets, a non-cellular component of blood).

    There are various stages in each process of production of blood cells, for example, in red blood cells = pluripotent stem cell > mixed myeloid progenitor > CFU-GEMM > BFU-E > CFU-E > proerythroblast > erythroblast > reticulocyte > erythrocyte.

    In each process there are various growth factors.
    Taking RBCs as an example again, erythropoietin is produced in the kidney in response to lower levels of oxygen, and when it passes through the bone marrow, erythropoietin binds to proerythroblasts stimulating them to differentiate more quickly!!

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