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How would we do streaking that we can get isolated colonies of organisms in agar plate? streak on specific agar for that microbe. You can also use an antibiotic to prevent growth of other microbes.If you find you are still getting mixed colonies you will need to repick the correct microbe and replate it.

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What does the enzyme RNA polymerase do? RNA polymerase transcribes messenger RNA (m-RNA) into RNA that can be later translated into DNA by the ribosome. There are three RNA polymerases. RNA polymerase II is the polymerase responsible for this task in humans

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What are the underlying biological concepts in gene cloning? The human genome project has allowed us to decipher the code of human DNA. In order to clone a gene we must first know the sequence of amino acids that make up that gene. This is what the human genome project has given us. Next we must insert the gene into a vector (another cell most of the time) that is capable of reproducing that gene. An excess of amino acids and a polymerase enzyme is...

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How do you know if you bruise too easily, compared with other people? You can't I'm afraid. Some people (like myself) are just prone to bumping into things and getting bruises. I can't remember where I've gotten any of the bruises on my body. However I do know that I do tend to walk into things and bump off things a lot. If you are worried about bruising you should visit your doctor. He/she will take a blood sample which will be tested for...

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What are the four components of blood and their functions Red cells- carry oxygen to the tissues for use in energy production. White cells- fight infection and disease. Platelets- clot the blood in order to prevent the person from bleeding to death with only a small scratch and they also aid in the healing process and plasma which is the straw coloured liquid which carries the cells and othre small molecules like nitrients.

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Describe the path of blood through the heart and human body. Blood enters the heart through the vena cava. From here it moves into the right atrium and then down into the left ventricle and up the pulmonary artery to the lungs where carbon dioxide is switched for 'fresh oxygen'. The blood is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins which guides the blood into the left atriun where it moves down to the left ventricle. From here it is pumped...

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What is the important structural characteristic of red blood cell? In my opinion the most important structural characteristic of the red cell is it's deformability. This is the ability of the red cell to change it's shape in order to squeeze through small blood vessels. As the red cell ages it loses it's deformability and is no longer able to function correctly so it is removed and recycled by the spleen. This is approx after 21 days in circulation

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Is it possible to change blood types? Yes it is possible. If a person was for eg. A+ and they received a bone marrow transplant from a B- person their blood type would change to B-. This is because the red cells of the blood that carry the antigens from which you get your blood type are produced in your bone marrow.

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Father and mother are 0-, son is 0+. Switched at birth? We inherit a phenotype from each parent but only express one of them. So mother/father may be O-/O+ but only express O-. However it is still possible for the son to have inherited O+ from mother/father. So no. Not proof of switched at birth

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Can magnets affect the iron in your blood? the other metals in your body? Actually yes magnets can affect the iron in your blood. There is a condition called haemochromatosis where there is an excess of iron in the blood. It is a hereditary condition which can result in liver failure if left untreated. My friend has it. Treatment is done by removing blood 3 to 4 times per year to prevent the concentration of iron reaching toxic levels. Before taking the blood, the...

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How do you know when your blood is low in iron? When your blood is low in iron you suffer from a condition called iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). The person would feel weak, lethargic and generally lacking in energy. The person may also be pale. The only true way to know if your blood is lacking in iron is to get a blood test from your doctor. If you do have IDA it is very easy to treat. A change in diet and iron supplementary tablets is all...

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If we all come from Adam and Eve then why are there so many blood types? Over the years mutations would have taken place. This is due to enviromental stresses and 'just by chance'. Differing enviroments would have produced different mutations. Also, some mutations can afford a certain biological advantage (eg. resistance to infection by malaria) and hence the prevelence of this mutation is seen in much greater number in certain areas

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Outline the components of blood and their function including:plasma,red blood cells,white blood cells,plateles. Blood is the motorway that delivers all the nutrients and oxygen to your cells that is required for growth and energy production. It also takes waste away from your cells to your kidneys/liver for excretion from your body preventing a toxic build up. Red cells main purpose is to deliver oxygen which is used in energy production, white cells fight infections and disease, platelets form what is...

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My blood group is O+ and my partner is rhesus neg, what blood group will our baby be? There are many different rhesus antigens. When we speak of being rhesus positive or negative we are speaking about the D antigen. Everyone has a genotype of this antigen that they inherit from their parents eg. DD, Dd, dd. Your babies genotype will depend on the genotypes of both you and your partner. So in order to answer your question I would have to know both these genotypes. Sorry I...

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At which stage do developing blood cells lose their ability to reproduce themselves Blood cells develop from haemopoietic stem cells. As they develop they lose their nucleus and as such their ability to reproduce. This happens before the cell enters the blood stream in most cases. However, where here is a decrease in the quality or quantity of your cells some may be released early from the bone marrow to try and compensate

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Tc cells recognize antigenic determinants only when the latter are held by a. MHC I proteins. b. B cells. c. interleukin 2. d. granzyme. MHC proteins

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Would aspirin be considered an antigen? Help please! Why or why not? Help is greatly appreciated. Thanks. An antigen is defined as any substance that can invoke an immune response. Aspirin does not. Aspirin can be classed as nano-technology as the elements that combine to form an aspirin tablet enter the bodies systems and effect changes. However, some people do have an allergic reaction to aspirin and their immune system responds. This is not a normal reaction and is due to the inappropriate...

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Explain the relevance of DNA? dna contains all the "recipies" needed for making proteins. These proteins in turn form complex structures which go on to form organs( eg. heart) which in turn form systens (eg. cardiac system)and all these systems combine to form you. DNA contains all the genetic information passed to you by your parents that allow you to live. This is how we inherit traits from our parents and...

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Why did the clinical plate the specimen on blood agar and chocolate agar? Differing microbes require differing enviroments for growth. In order to completely assess the sample for microbes it is necessary to plate it in several enviroments so as not to miss anything. A microbe may grow very well in blood agar but not grow at all in chocolate agar and vica versa. Hence the need for both.

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Explain how a pregnancy test works at the molecular level. It measures the level of a hormone called human chronic gonadotrophin. This hormone is produced by the body when pregnant. Increased levels of this hormone are found in all pregnant women. However, some tumours can produce this hormone too so a verification by a gp is a definite must.

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Hi, I'm a 28 year old white female. I went to my medical doctor about 2 months ago and she did blood test on me for a liver test and it came back a little high she said it was something just to be aware of and then she said we had to do another test a mon not to worry. Stress, diet and infections can affect liver function tests. Although your test was high when it is repeated it may be normal. If the tests showed anything that may be serious your doctor would have to inform you. So please try not to worry. If the test is repeated as high then I'm sure it will only need an adjustment of diet or a decrease in stress levels to return levels to...

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All of the following are proteins of myofilaments EXCEPT? A. myosin B. Troponin C. Tropomyosin D. Elastin E. Actin elastin

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If you're not clued up on all of your organs work exactly, in detail, how does your brain know in order to tell the parts of your body exactly what to do? blood passes into the brain via the blood/brain barrier. There are many receptors in the brain which sample the blood. If the receptors notice an increase or decrease in the level of molecules in the blood it will effect a change in the production/excretion of that molecule via several mechanisms (eg. through the increased secretion of a hormone which will increase or decrease the production of...

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What is the relationship between genes and proteins, including the function of each? genes are the recipes from which proteins are made. Genes contain all the information for the production of proteins. An enzyme (called DNA polymerase) reads the DNA found in genes and produces RNA from it (called transcription). This is then converted to a protein by a cell organelle called a ribosome in a process called translation. Proteins then form into different structures of varying...

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