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If my ancestry is 100% British, does this by itself mean that I am technically in line for the throne? Actually, itâ??s even less likely than the other posts. According to the Act of Succession (Various parts of it) in order to be in line for the Throne, you must meet the following criteria; You can not be Roman Catholic You can not be married to a Roman Catholic You must be in communion with The Church of England You must be a descendant of the Electress Sophia These are just...

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When a young man (or woman) is commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant, should he be addressed as "2nd Lieutenant Smith", or just "Lieutenant Smith"? And should his mailing address reflect this change in rank? Just to add to this, again for the Commonwealth Realms, (Who use the “standard” ranking system) a Second Lieutenant is addressed as “2nd Lieutenant Smith” and *NOT* as “Lieutenant Smith”. While I have never been able to find a reference in the Queen’s Rules and Regulations stating this one way or the other, it simply isn’t done. The ranks of 2nd Lieutenant, Lieutenant and Captain are all...

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Should a military MD be addressed by rank or as "doctor"? With in the Commonwealth Realms, it is proper to refer to a medical Doctor by either rank or “Doctor”, unless you are having a conversation unrelated to medical issues, in which case you generally refer to them by their rank. This however is mostly used as guidelines (as opposed to “law” which it really is, under the Queen’s Rules and Regulations) and my in experience, most medical Doctors...

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How do the British royal family finance themselves? Just to add to and clarify this answer, Her Majesty also receives payment (Though minimal) through the Duchy of Lancaster which funds various Royal expenses and pays a small amount to other members of the Royal Family, with the exception of The Duke of Edinbrough, who as a Prince of Denmark and Greece, trust me, already has enough to take care of himself! The Civil List provides mostly for...

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Can a Canadian become an hereditary peer if his mother or dad were peers living in the UK? Not with out giving up his Canadian Citizenship. Peerages and other Honours all come from the Honours Fount of whom Her Majesty is also vested Sovereign. Only Her Majesty may appoint Peerages or Honours (Hereditary or not) and she does not appoint such to Canadians as a result of “The Nickel Resolution” of 1919 specifically requests Her Majesty not to appoint Honours and Peerages to Canadian...

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In science fiction we often read about travellers who go off into space, only to find that a vast amount of time has passed on Earth when they return. But could this work the other way around, i.e. less time has passed? There would have to be some way to "Warp" space.. (Yes folks, that IS what they are talking about on Star Trek! The idea is that you create a "warp bubble" around your ship that would bring the speed of light down to something attainable by your ship and you would then be traveling at the speed of light or beyond with in your frame of reference in the warp bubble, but...

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Why do I get a high "wanted level" just for swimming across the river to the other island? If you somehow manage to make it to a part of the game that you are not yet supposed to have access to (Such as using the Rocket Pack Cheat, or in your case, swimming) then your wanted level will spike very high. It's just the game's way of trying to keep you to stick to the story line. Also, if you get anywhere near the Naval Base, you will also spike!

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I'm 6'4", 228 lbs and 28 years old. Can someone explain why, according to the BMI chart, I am considered overweight? I've been told my real BMI is 14.5%. My advice; Ignore that chart! If you are looking for soild info on your weight/size ratio, speak to a Doctor... I am 6'3 and about 250ish lbs, and that chart has me pegged at Obese, which is nonsense. I suspect you and I have a very similar bone structure as well as similar Weight/Size ratio. The BMI chart is more designed for Average Height/Weight/Structure people and does not...

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In GTA: San Andreas, how do you get a pilot's license? You have to make your way to the airport just outside of "Area 69" and go in to the building. (Note there are 2 entrances, you want the one that goes up the stairs) In there you will find a mission on flying, which takes you through various courses on the Airplane and Heliocopter, as well as Skydiving. The flight dynamics on GTA:SA suffer the same poor play-ability as the other...

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Is it safe to put beach sand in my turtle's tank? You betcha! Turtles are EXTREMELY hardy critters! You do have to make sure that the sand itself isn't full or dog gifts, glass, ETC (Duh eh?) As for the sand itself, I suggest you pick it up as far from the water's edge as you can so that there is less likely to be oil/gas/whatever in it left over from boat traffic. Please note however, that when you actually put the...

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If America once was part of the British Empire, how did they become more powerful than the British Empire? This is pretty subjective, so to avoid ignorant bad ratings, I’ll stick to answering this with what is irrefutable! The BIGGEST reasons for this happening has NOTHING to moxy or gusto no matter how much Americans want to believe it, it has EVERYTHING to do with being isolated from the happenings in Europe. While the Empire was starting to feel the pinch of maintaining the Empire before...

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Are the members of the British Royal Family immune to British law? As I stated in my answer http://www.answerbag.com/c_view.php/2027#q_9860 The Queen and any male in DIRECT line for the throne can not be forced to appear before a court. HRH Princess Anne was not required to appear before court, but chose to so that the Royal Family would not have to face further bad press. It was a similar situation that saw Her Majesty appear as well. As I...

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What is a Lady? The term lady works in much the same way as the term Lord. It is sometimes prefered to grant the title Lady than to give the wife of a peerage holder the title Countess (ETC). If used in this manner, the correct usage is to refer to them by their husband's given and last name. EG: Lady John Smith. Daughters of Dukes/Barons/ETC are almost always permitted to use the title Lady as a...

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What is a Lord? Lord is a term which can refer to several people of different ranks. In the UK, A Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, or Baron may all be refered to as Lord. This is even more so true with Barons, as they are rarely refered to as Baron Smith but almost always as Lord Smith. The title Lord may also be applied to the younger children of a peerage holder. There is also precident to refer to the...

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What would have to take place for Canada to become a Republic? We would have to open up a constitutional amendment that would make Meech Lake and the Charlottetown Accords look like a cakewalk. Canada does not have a long history of good things happening when it comes to Constitutional Amendments, even to the point of Quebec refusing to sign the Constitution when it was patrioted in 1982! The BNA Act, The Constitution Act and a whack of others acts...

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I'm in the process of applying for Canadian citizenship and would like to marry a European citizen. After the marriage, can he stay in Canada? Once you are a Citizen, you may sponsor your Partner to become a citizen of the Maple Kingdom. While the process is underway, your partner will be allowed to stay with you. If your partner does not wish to become a Citizen, they will need to gain a Work Permit at least. There have however been some changes introduced just recently, but they are mostly in regards to an Interim policy...

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How does one get a green card from Canada? Is there a site where I can get information online? There is no such thing as “Green Cards” in Canada. We have “Work Permits”. These are substantially easier to get than Green Cards, but you still have to jump through a lot of hoops. If you are just interested in working here temporarily, you may be able to get the work permit by going to Human Resources Development Canada with the follow steps; The name/address ETC of the Employer...

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If it was possible to allow heat and greenhouse gases to escape Venus, would it be habitable? The Atmosphere of Venus is mostly Carbon Dioxide with small amounts of Nitrogen. Since CO (A Greenhouse Gas) makes up most of its atmosphere it is utterly impossible to support human life. As a result of this Greenhouse Effect, the mean surface temperature of Venus is roughly 500 degrees higher than would be expected on a planet with a comparable O2 atmosphere. (This actually makes Venus a...

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How is the embalming process done? I presume you are asking about Modern Embalming techniques and not Egyptian or any of ancient ways. First, all the clothing and affects are removed from the body. It is cleaned with various agents, shaved if needed and generally made to look a little better. The eyes will be closed (Most people die with their eyes open believe it or not!) using various techniques and the mouth may be sewn...

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Could Jupiter have a terrestrial surface? Jupiter almost certainly has a terrestrial surface, but it is made of metal, and that metal is Hydrogen! Of course, I say that just to make this answer sound more interesting. The core of Jupiter is likely rock which is surrounded by metallic Hydrogen which is surrounded by liquid Hydrogen and in turn surrounded my gaseous Hydrogen. However there doesn’t appear to be any clear markers...

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When is an adult child absolutely too old to be financially dependent on their parents? This is a tricky question. In the good ole days, the child could be expected to be out on their own and have a career by the time they were 20 at the latest! These days however, it isn’t as easy. Personally, I blame the Baby-Boomers for living too long. (heh) The Baby-Boomers are currently sucking up all of the good paying, decent jobs which used to contain huge vacuums of labour. It...

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Is there a way to remove blood from carpet so that even a substance such as luminol won't detect it? To the best of my knowledge, no. This is because chemicals like Luminol and Luminol in specific interact with the Iron that is found in hemoglobin and it needs only a VERY small amount to do so. Removing ALL Iron from ANYTHING is a futile effort. This process is called chemiluminescence and causes a glowing effect if specific wavelengths of light are presented to the targeted area. ...

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If a victim is set on fire to cover up the fact that they were murdered, how can a forensic scientist tell since the body has been burnt? Just to add to this, I’ll presume that the question was also asking if a human body were to be completely destroyed by fire. It’s almost impossible to utterly destroy the human body by fire alone. There are almost always small fragments of bone left over regardless of how long a body is left to burn and smolder. Even huge degrees of heat over a relatively long period of time can not...

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Can you be arrested for being drunk in public? You sure can! I can only speak for Canada, and Ontario in specific, but I would be willing to bet that our laws on drinking or being drunk in public are pretty well the norm. It’s a charge of “D&D” or “Drunk and Disorderly” which is a minor offence usually only punishable by fine. In this day and age however, it’s not very often someone gets charged with this for simply being...

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How does water conduct electricity? H2O is actually a very poor conductor of Electricity. Everyday water (such as that you get from a tap) contains more than just H2O. There are tons of microscopic impurities which are what actually conducts the electricity. The way it conducts electricity is pretty much the same way anything else conducts. The current travels from microscopic bit to microscopic bit at incredible speeds...

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We have heat-seeking missiles today, but what would it take to build heat-seeking bullets? Could they be programmed to only target specific body parts? Or only specific people? They are working on this right now. The U.S. Military is currently investigating what it will take to put microchips in to bullets that will direct its trajectory. The idea is that a bullet is launched at an exact area on a target using a laser (So a heat seeking bullet wouldn’t be far behind) target system. When a bullet leaves the barrel, many factors can affect its trajectory...

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If time travel will be invented in the future, wouldn't we be aware of it today? Ah Time Travel! Nothing will set the supper table aflame like the gibs and gambles of this topic. In order to discuss why it is that we are not aware of time travelers in our time line if it is in fact invented in the future, we have to take a look at several theories. I’ll presume that everyone is already familiar with both Theories of Relativity and how it relates to time travel. The...

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How might one be able to tell if a prostitute is actually an undercover cop? I’ve read that in most states, a “John” can not be arrested for Solicitation until he brings up the terms. That is to say, he can not be accused of Solicitation until he says something like “How about you XXXXXXXX for 20 bucks?” So I believe that if the Prostitute brings up the terms first, you can claim that you were really only giving the woman a ride down the street and she entrapped...

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Does your right to remain silent mean that you don't ever have to respond to a police officer's question? For a Canadian there is absolutely no requirement what so ever to speak to a Police Officer with only a couple of exceptions. The only time you are required by law to speak to an Officer is if you have a Criminal Record and in that case, you are only required to give them your name. Short of a record the only other time you have to talk to an Officer is if you are the driver of a car...

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Can I burn multiple VCD films to a single DVD? If so, how? I am not sure if this is exactly what you are asking, but I have done this with Nero. Stick in a blank DVD. When Nero Burning Rom starts, you can select the VCD option. This will open up a window asking you which files you wish to convert. Simply browse around your HDD until you find the files you wish to use. Select the multiple files using the CTRL key. Then click finish. Once you...

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What role do seraphims have in Catholicism? The Seraphim are the highest order of angels, serving as the caretakers of God's throne and continuously singing his praises. It is said that they surround the throne of God, singing the music of the spheres and regulating the movement of the heavens as it emanates from God. The Seraphim are mentioned in Isaiah 6:1–7 [1] (http://www.bible.org/netbible/isa6.htm) ("Tell someone...

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What are the ranks of angels (i.e. archangels, angels, cherubim, etc.)? Angels have been broken in to several classes or "Choirs" a few times. Originally, the Choirs were; First Hierarchy Seraphim Cherubim Thrones Second Hierarchy Powers Dominions Principalities Third Hierarchy Virtues Archangels Angels At some point in the middle ages this change was proposed; First Hierarchy: Seraphim Cherubim Archangels ...

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Is anybody allowed to dive to the wreck of the Titanic? The corporation RMS Titanic has the sole property and salvage rights to Titanic. Technically, there is nothing stopping anyone from visiting the wreck if they can afford to do so, but it is illegal to remove anything from the site, the debris field and is illegal to come in to contact with any of the property. Since RMS Titanic does not issue permission to salvage anything from not only the...

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What factors go into determining a teacher's salary? Here in Canada, or at least Ontario, teachers get paid VERY well, regardless of what they would like you to believe. 10 years ago, when I was President of the Students Council, I actually got a look at the salaries for my school. A teacher that had JUST gotten out of Teachers College with no special degrees was making 45k a year to start. It might not sound like much to an American, but...

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I have a Mississippi Map Turtle which lives in a good sized tank with a filter, pump, and heater. However, he seems to be growing algae on his shell. Is this normal and healthy? Turtles growing moss and algae on their shells in the wild are extremely common. They will spend a lot of time in shallow water sunning themselves (They are cold blooded reptiles after all!) and algae and moss love those conditions. It is less common in a tank however. I am presuming that you must have your tank close to a window which receives a lot of sunlight. The algae will not hurt...

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How does an investigator tell whether a fire was accidental or arson? There are as many ways to determine if fire is arson as there are to set fires deliberately. It would be next to impossible to describe them all here. However, most of the common ways are really just common sense. For example, if you have ever had a camp fire, you know that the best way to use newspaper to start a fire is to crumple it up in to a small ball and then set fire to it. You...

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How large does a container need to be to hold all of someone's ashes? There is no good answer to this question. The amount of Cremains depends on so many factors that one can not make a general judgment. A fat person will have more Cremains than a skinny one. A person with good muscle tone will have less than one with no muscle tone. A man will have more than a woman of equal mass. An adult will have more than a child. The most Cremains I have ever...

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What is adipocere? Adipocere (AKA Grave Wax) is a soapy substance that can grow on a body if the body is left in a high moisture, low oxygen environment. It is very common in drowning deaths when the Marine Wildlife do not devour a corpse. Adipocere is capable of preserving a body with stunning detail. I’ve seen a picture of a little girl who was buried at the beginning of the 20th century and was dug up in...

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What is the difference between manner of death and cause of death? This depends on the jurisdiction you are in. Some places make no distinction between the two. Here in Ontario, (Which I think is the norm) the “Manner of Death” refers to the situation in which a person dies. Were the bound and gagged? Where they drugged, raped, beat ETC The “Cause of Death” is exactly that. The cause of one’s death. So, one could say that the “Manner of death”...

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Can a veteran ever wear military medals on civilian clothes? Again, with in the Canadian Armed Forces, the medal’s one receives are not actually theirs to “own”. Technically, they are on loan from Her Majesty. It is rarely thought of in those terms though. We have recently had some trouble with Victoria Cross’ being sold to out of country buyers. As such, even after one has left the Military, there are still rules to be followed in regards to...

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I heard the British took Egyptian artifacts back to England. Is this true, and if so, why did they do this, and how? As the British Empire of the 18th century was the largest Empire ever known to humanity, and at one point had better than a quarter of the world’s population with in its borders, it certainly is no surprise that the United Kingdom is home to some of the most valuable artifacts on the planet. Egypt was part of the Empire for quite sometime, and the British loved to go there and hunt around...

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My husband and I are interested in moving to the US from Canada. My husband's father has US citizenship - can that help us to immigrate? If your Husband's Father is a naturally born Citizen, I am quite certain that will go along way to helping out your cause. If this is the case, your husband should be able to get Dual Citizenship and as his wife, you shouldn't have too much trouble gaining your own citizenship.

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Can you die from taking LSD? It is totally possible to die from an LSD overdose. While I am not going to get on my soapbox and scream to the heavens to either use or not use any drugs, LSD can be a very powerful drug. It is quite correct to say that most people who die having used LSD do so as a result of the poor decisions they make while strung out on a trip, this usually amounts to things like getting behind the...

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How do you make LSD? LSD starts with the naturally occurring “Ergot” fungus. Ergot can be found on about 17 different species of plants, but favours Wheat and Rye. Ergot grows best in a swampy/peat moss type environment. While Ergot in and of itself is enough to induce a trip, most people are familiar these days with LSD, which is a derivative of the Ergot fungus. To actually create LSD, one simply...

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Can you sign onto Yahoo! Messenger without downloading the program? If so, how? Yahoo! does provide a Java Version of their IM program. Simply go to http://messenger.yahoo.com/?i=1 and you will find a link at the very bottom of the screen that says "Launch Web Messenger" I don't know why they don't have that link a little better posted, but there it is none the less.

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Is there any regulation that restricts soldiers from drinking in uniform? With in the Canadian Armed Forces, it is strictly forbidden to drink while in Uniform in a public place. (A bar, ETC) However, it is quite acceptable to do so in one of the Messes (NCM’s, Warrant’s or Officer’s) or in a Service Club such as the Royal Canadian Legion or the Ex Imperial’s Club.

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In Canada, is a widow permitted to wear her deceased husband's medals during Remembrance Ceremonies? Absolutely not! Many Widows will wear them and not much is usually said about it, especially to War Veteran’s Widows. There are actually very few Canadian Medals that are truly “Canadian”, most of our medals are shared with the rest of the Commonwealth, and MANY of them are handed out has part of the Honours Fountain by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. So the answer to this question...

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At an open-casket funeral, a crucifix was removed from the casket by a family member as a keepsake, and now there is disagreement over who should keep it. Should the crucifix have been removed in the first place? To add to the complexity of this question, the laws regarding these issues are often sketchy at best. In most Provinces and States, the law actually states that once a person dies, everything that person has (including their body!) actually becomes the property of the next of kin. This is the exact reason why Wills can be contested and often get over turned. So this largely depends on...

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Can white plastic sand designed to be used around an above-ground pool be used in a turtle tank, or should gravel be the only thing used? Just to add to this, I have found that everyday normal beach sand works very well as opposed to gravel. I only say this because sand REALLY helps to keep the smell of the Turtle tank down. However, you can use pretty much ANYTHING to cover the ground of a Turtle tank as turtles are EXTREMELY hardy.

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How does a turtle's shell grow? I’m not a vet, so all I can tell you is what I noticed with my Turtles. If you look at a turtle’s shell, you’ll see that it is sort of broken up in to “squares”. As a turtle grows, you’ll notice that just behind the turtle’s head and just above the turtle’s tail the shell will start to “split” and then a new “square” will start to appear in both places. The process continues until either 1...

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What was Diana Spencer's title before she died? To be totally correct, her untitled name was Diana Frances Mountbatten-Windsor. Her offical title at the time of her death was “Diana, Princess of Wales” Many people make the mistake of refering to her (Post Divorce from the Prince of Wales) as “Princess Diana” which is totally incorrect. As a result of her divorce, she lost the Style of “Her Royal Highness” as well as “Princess” but...

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In Ontario, Canada, is it okay for a 16 year old and a 23 year old to date, with no sex involved? Since dating with out sex presumably means just spending time together, then the answer is yes, it is fine for people of those age brackets to date. However, if there isn’t sex involved, but there is kissing/petting/ETC the older person could find themselves in a position to have a charge of “Sexual Interference with a Minor” leveled against them. This mostly has to do with what the...

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Why do old Canadian coins have "D G REX IMPERATOR" and newer ones have "D G Regina"? Almost all coins that have been printed in Canada for general use has contained the picture of the current Monarch of Canada. Coins there were printed during the Reign of His Majesty King Edward VII contain the phrase “D:G REX IMPERATOR” which is an abbreviated Latin phrase meaning “DEI GRATIA REX IMPERATOR” which translated means “By the Grace of God, King and Emperor” These coins were...

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Do they clean crematoriums between sessions, so that one person's ashes aren't mixed with the previous person's? While everything various province to province and state to state, I can tell you that the VAST majority of Cremains are NOT only your relative. There is almost guaranteed to be trace amounts of the last person in the oven mixed in with your loved ones remains. To properly clean out an oven takes an extremely long period of time. Most Crematoriums will only thoroughly clean out their...

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Why were the Falkland Islands so important for England that it went to war with Argentina? Leaving out the long history of who owned the Islands when and at what time, it is a matter of historical fact that Argentina claimed it for its own when it gained independence from Spain in 1816. Then in 1833, the British took the Islands by force and sent the Argentineans packing home. This, as you can imagine, caused a lot of issues between the two countries in the 20th century. The...

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You are in a space ship traveling at the speed of light. You turn on the headlights. What happens to that light? Ok, we all know that this question is invalid. So let’s stop harping on that point. Let’s pretend for a second that it IS possible to reach the speed of light and stay there. And let's ignore the actual science of light spectrums and shifting paterns for the sake of a simple answer. We’ll use this example; (And let’s keep the ratings fair given that we ARE talking about the...

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In the UK, when the police have a search warrant, can they search your computer? Can they bring in experts to recover secret/deleted files on the computer? The police can only take from your home what the warrant will specify. It is very rare that the Police can get a “blanket warrant” to remove anything they like from your home. Usually, the warrant will specify that the Police may only remove items which “may be pertinent to a conviction or proper investigation of the accused.” As such, if you are accused of Fraud, the Police have no right...

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What legally must take place for Charles to become King when HM Queen Elizabeth II passes away? Absolutely nothing. There are no legal requirements or issues to be dealt with upon the death of Her Majesty. The Prince of Wales will automatically become (Presuming he takes the Crown with his birth name) “Charles the Third, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of his other Realms and Territories, King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of...

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Is it true that the Queen of England is immune from being arrested/jailed and prosecuted? It is utterly impossible for the Queen or any male on the Maternal (Paternal line when The Prince of Wales becomes King) side in direct line for the Throne to be prosecuted by law. Exup25th is correct in pointing out that there are “formal rules” (As part of Common Law) about being tried by your peers and that the Queen has no peers. Such “Formal Rules” have no been used in a very long time...

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What is a Viceroy? A person (Usually of some noble birthright) who rules a very large area on behalf of a Monarch (Usually very far away from the Monarch's home Kingdom). A Viceroy had/has VAST amounts of power to make decisions and policy for the Monarch's subjects.

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What is a Marquis/Marchioness? A Nobleman/woman who ranks Above an Earl, but below a Duke. A Marquis/Marchioness was often given similar tracks of land to that of a Duke.

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What is a Grand Duke/Grand Duchess? A Grand Duke/Duchess ranks just below a King/Queen, but above a Viceroy. This peerage is usually styled as His/Her Royal Highness rather then His/Her Majesty.

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What is a Monarchy? There are several types of Monarchies; An Elected Monarchy, a Constitutional Monarchy and an Absolute Monarchy. An Elected Monarchy is one were the Monarch is elected (Usually by a council of Noblemen) The oldest and best example of an Elected Monarchy is the Pope in the Vatican. A Constitutional Monarchy is were the powers of the Ruler are limited to Law and the Constitution. An...

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What are Emperors/Empresses? A title given to the Ruler of an Empire. This is different from a King or Queen in that (USUALLY) the Empire extends well beyond the bounds of the "Kingdom". King George V and Queen Elizabeth were the last Monarchs in the U.K. to hold this title, but only in India. (However, it was still part of thier offical Title elsewhere in the British Empire!)

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What is a HM? His/Her Majesty; Used to refer to Kings and Queens only.

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What is an Earl? A Peerage Title ranking above a Baron but below a Marquess. Usually the holder of such a title had many Viceroy powers and ran large tracts of land both in the U.K. and it's other colonies.

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What are Duchess? The highest ranking Peerage title. Usually (but not always) given to the wives of males in the King/Queen's line. While in large use around Europe, a Duke or Duchess in the British Isle usually had (and in some cases still do have) large tracks of land which they administer.

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What is a Duke? The highest ranking Peerage title. Usually (but not always) given to the males in the King/Queen's line. While in large use around Europe, a Duke or Duchess in the British Isle usually had (and in some cases still do have) large tracks of land which they administer.

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What are Counts/Countesses? A peerage title equal in rank to an Earl. It is in more use in Germany and other European countries then the U.K.

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What are Barons/Baronesses? The lowest ranking peerage title. Barons were often given small plots of land to run at the King or Queen's pleasure. A Baroness is the honourific Title granted to the wife of a Baron and they are refered to as "Lady" except in the case of a female gaining the title in her own right, such as Baroness Thatcher, who is refered to by proper title "Baroness"

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What is a Baronet? A type of Knighthood which is hereditary, but is not a peerage. Knights are granted the title "Sir" for the individual only, where as Baronets first born male sons (In wedlock) may gain the title upon the death of thier father.

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What is a HRH? His/Her Royal Highness; A term used to denote the rank and position of a Prince or Princess and occasionally a Duke or Earl of high Royal Rank.

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Why does the U.S. Navy no longer employ the rank of "Commodore"? When the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) became law in 1982, O-7 officers were designated commodore admirals. The Navy selected 38 Captains to wear the broad stripe and single star. In 1983 the Defense Authorization bill changed the title to commodore. With President Reagan's signature on the Fiscal year 1986 Defense Authorization bill, O-7 officer were again called rear...

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What is the purpose of making a "death mask"? The purpose of a Death Mask is really the same as the purpose of having a photograph of a loved one. It serves as a reminder of the person you lost. To some, it seems more personal then a photo, because it is something that you can touch which has touched the person you lost. In most cases, it was one of the LAST things to touch the person you lost.

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What are "death masks" and how are they made? Death Masks are basically what they sound like. Masks of the faces of dead people. With the advent of Photography, Death Masks have slide in popularity hugely, but for a very long time, it was not unusual to find families in Europe that would have generations of death masks as a reminder or memento to their ancestry. Death Masks themselves go way back in history. The Egyptians used them...

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Has anyone ever been able to travel through time successfully and prove it? If so, how did they claim to do it? I’m not sure I agree with Merry’s answer… If you take a look at my reference to time travel at http://www.answerbag.com/q_view.php/6848 you can see what I mean. This might be a bit of technical mumbo jumbo, but in the interest of thoroughly answering the question, then yes, time travel has been achieved and proven. Mind you, it’s been achieved on a VERY minor scale, and proven only...

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Was it legal for Tony Blair to take England to war without the consent of the majority of its people? Absolutely! This is one of the very few problems with Constitutional Monarchies and Parliamentary Democracies is that it can be very easy for the Leader of the Government to become a bit of a “Despot”. Now, when I say that, I mean it in the nicest possible way. The Leader of the Government is MORE then likely going to adhere to law and to the Constitution, but he can also force through...

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When meeting an officer in the open, how far away should you be before rendering the hand salute? In the Canadian Armed Forces, as well as the British Army, there is no set spacings for giving a salute while you are just walking around the base. You simply give the Salute when it seems to you that you are close enough. Most of the Salutes I receive and give are within about 10 feet of each other. If you are on the Parade Square, it is 3-18 inch steps from the Officer. Just as a...

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I recently began training on a heavy bag. I am using the proper gloves, but my hands are still a bloody mess after prolonged periods of the exercise. What can I do to better prep myself? Well, not being a personal trainer or anything, I can not give you professional advice, but I can tell you about my experience. I had the same problem for a while when I started on the ole heavy bag. I wore gloves, tape, padding under the tape, you name it, and I tried it. The only thing I found that was of ANY help was that the longer I did it, the tougher my knuckles and flat fist...

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Are military personnel required (or allowed) to salute while they are military prisoners? I believe the answer you are looking for depends on the country, place, Commanding Officer of the POW camp ETC as stated in one of the other answers. However, if you mean by military law, just because an Officer has been captured, does in no way remove his or her commission, and nor does it relinquish the duty and courtesy NCO’s and other Enlisted Personnel should be paying to the Officers...

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What is the theory behind near-light speed travel and time travel? How will time pass for you (traveling at light speed) relative to people here on Earth? The best example of an answer to this question I ever saw a “light clock”. The idea being, that you have an apparatus which basically looks like a desk lamp with the “lamp” part looking down on the desk. From the “lamp” part, a laser beam is sent down to a reflector and it bounces the beam back up to the “lamp” at intervals of 1 second. While the whole lamp is stationary, the laser...

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What does it mean to be "double-jointed"? People who are “double jointed” have the same amount of joints as anyone else, but the ligaments in their bodies are particularly spongy, which allows these people to bend themselves in unique, (and often GROSS) manners. It has NOTHING to do with thier actual joints.

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Can a person spontaneously combust, and if so, how? There are two sides to this argument, (I know, imagine that, two sides to an argument!) which is simply yes or no. Personally, I think it’s a load of hooey. In every case of SHC I’ve ever read about, there was a radiator, or a cigarette or some other form of combustion involved. Sometimes however, the form of combustion is not very evident, and as such, people truly believe the person...

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When I try to connect, it says no dial tone found. What should I do to fix this? If you happen to have call waiting, make sure that there are not any messages. If there are, you get the "beep beep" dial tone, and your PS2 may not be accepting that as a tone ready to dial. Just a thought...

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What is the name and address for the council that reviews requests for a Letter of Patent (peerage documentation) in Ireland? I do not believe that there is any Heraldry Council in Ireland, (Eire) as Ireland (Eire) is a Republic; however, Northern Ireland’s Heraldry is over seen by the College of Arms located at; The College of Arms Queen Victoria Street London EC4V 4BT England Their Website is http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk I would suggest you start there if you are looking for family titles.

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If one's ancestors were Lords, Dukes, Ladies, etc., is it possible for an individual to legitimately claim a title in today's society? Yes and no! If you live in a country that still recognizes such titles, then gaining them (these days) is really just a matter of doing something worthwhile! Here in Canada, peerages were removed many years ago, but they have a long history in our country. Many, many Canadian Prime Ministers and Governor Generals have been either Knights or Lords. I frankly thought it was a bad idea...

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Why is there no Channel 1 on TV? There is no Channel 1 in North America, Period. There used to be back a few decades, but the FCC did in fact reassign it for use by mobile users. When transmitters started getting more and more powerful, it was found that Channel One (Because of its hertz range) started to interfere with everything from Airplane/Control Tower communications to Hospital Machinery. I think where people...

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I live on the north side of a building and can't mount a dish on the roof. Do I have any other options for getting satellite? Absolutely! Since you can run coax cable long distances, you can have the dish mounted to just about anywhere that is a reasonable distance from your place. I see it all the time in my city. There are a lot of apartment buildings in Toronto for example that have many dishes on the roof and just have the cables running down the side of the building. (You'll need to check local bylaws...

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I have some odd antique-type collections (political campaign buttons, etc.) which I would like to sell. How can I get the best price? I would suggest you take a look at EBay. I went to http://www.ebay.com and went in to the “Antique” category, then did a search on “Buttons” and found quite a bit of stuff in there. You might want to try it yourself and see if anything there is close to what you have, or even just similar, then see how much those people are asking and getting for their stuff.

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What software will open the .shn file format? SHN is a compression for music files. You can open them with several applications; I suggest you take a look around to see what you like to best. You can start by taking a look at this page, http://research.umbc.edu/~hamilton/shnfaq.html#tools Which will start you on your way to decompressing .shn files and happily listening to and creating music!

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In the US, what is the difference between the various murder charges (i.e. manslaughter, first degree, second degree, etc)? First Degree Murder is the deliberate, planned act of Murder. One must have thought about it, (even for a short time) planned the murder and executed it. FDM are often proven not only because of planning of the murder itself, but also other factors like having a place to hide or get rid of the body, having an escape planned, ETC. A First Degree Felony murder is a murder that takes place...

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Have any of the scientific gadgets in Star Trek actually become reality? The Bio-Beds used in sick bay are also in use in a similar fashion by the US Navy as well as some of the upper crust hospitals as well. They have also developed a kind of "tractor beam". They used sound waves to suspend and move a drop of water in a lab. They have also managed to "transport" a single atom of matter in the lab. And, just as a side note, Roddenberry...

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What martial art can best develop flexibility and balance, as well as teach self defense, for someone who was born with poor flexibility? Boy, I don’t think there really is a good answer to this one. I have found it VERY much depends on the type of person you are as well as your physical attributes. When I started in Martial Arts, I started in Shotokan which is a very traditional, deep stanced technique. I’m 6’3 and about 240 pounds, and when I do anything I learned from Shotakun at my current mass, I find it very difficult...

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Is there a home remedy for vaginal itching? You mean besides scratching it? heh A friend of mine told me that she found hot baths (As hot as you can stand it) with a generous supply of Baby Oil in the tub helped her out (Please don't ask why we were talking about her "itching"! heh) Then she, er, washed herself with the mixed water in a, um, personal manner while she was in the tub... Worked for her, maybe...

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Do consitutional monarchies tend to be more stable and successful than republics? I believe the answer to this question is yes, Constitutional Monarchies do tend to be more stable then Republics. With the notable exceptions of The United States of America and France, *most* of the Republics around the world are very unstable and are often hotspots of political and civil strife. Within the Commonwealth of Nations, the current Constitutional Monarchies are; Antigua...

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What is an Ion Engine and what is its theoretical speed limit? Ok, here we go in to the realm of Relativity and theoretical physics. An Ion Engine is, well, an Engine. Rather then burning fuel like traditional rockets, it "burns" positive Ions. It ejects a very fine thrust that actually has VERY little moving power. In fact, from "cold start" it takes an Ion Engine almost 4 days to reach 60kph!! However, while it does take an...

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What is the complete NATO official phonetic alphabet (Alpha, Bravo... Zulu)? Not to be a stickler here, but the question is what is the complete "NATO" phonetic Alphabet. It ISN'T what do the Americans use? If you look it up in "The Warrior's Handbook" from the Canadian Armed Forces, or the "Basic Recruit Manual" in the British Armed Forces or the "Basic Training" Manual from the Australian Defence Force, you'll...

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If the President and Congress reinstate the draft, how many long would it take to draft, train and organize troops before they could be assigned to the field? That is REALLY subjective. It mostly depends on the role you wish your troops to take. You can punch out a fairly effective, if inexperienced Infantry trooper in less then six weeks. (I'm an Infantry Officer here in Canada and am the Training Officer for the Artillery Battery I am attached to) It really does not take long to pound the information needed to be a "grunt" in...

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Where can I get cheap prescription drugs? Actually, I don't know the legalities of it, because it appears to vary state to state, and your federal government has rules on it as well, but I have spoken to some people that have managed to get very cheap drugs from here in Canada. I would suggest you ask your Doctor to look in to it, because you don't want to do anything illegal (I presume! heh) but what with Canuk drugs...

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Can I use my television as a monitor at home for my laptop? If so, how? You can indeed use your TV as a monitor for your laptop or desktop assuming that your machine or docking station has the proper outs for connection. Typically, these outs will either look like Coaxial or RCA connections on the card, or there will be a connection similar to a PS/2 keyboard that can hook in to the SVGA connection on your TV. (There are of course, MANY different types floating...

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What is the origin of the word "OK"? I actually understood it came from a whole other place.. Apparently, some linguists maintain that Andrew Jackson coined the expression after hearing a Choctaw Indian word "Okeh". It turns out however, that popularization was by none other then Martin Van Buren. Van Buren was born in Kinderhook, New York and acquired the nickname "Old Kinderhook". In 1840, Van...

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Which countries have been part of "The British Empire"? I will presume that what is being asked is the whole of the British Empire, regardless of timeline. I will further presume that this includes not only Colonies and Dominions, but also protectorates. North America; Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland (Did not join Confederation until 1949, and while not part of the country of Canada, was a colony of Great...

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Which African countries used to be English colonies? Just as a matter of proper wording, none of them were "English Colonies", but British Colonies. The British stared colonizing the western parts of Africa first, as they were more easily accessible by ships. As time wore on, it's interesting to note that the British had an almost straight line from South Africa to it's holdings in the Middle East so that goods could be...

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Theoretically, is it possible that the light from the Big Bang explosion is still travelling towards us? If so, could we detect it? Ok, I asked my father about this one, as he writes articles in the local newspaper about Astronomy, so if you rate this, remember you're rating HIS words! *L* His answer to the question is... "No, when the big bang happened, there were many years when light did not even exist. We can still detect the energy from the big bang as the cosmic background radiation. This radiates...

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Is England supposed to be referred to as England, The United Kindom, Britain, or Great Britain? Once again, Kim is correct! As a result of the British Empire however, many people DO use "England" to refer to the entire United Kingdom, in much the same way we used to refer to "Russia" as meaning the whole of the USSR.

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How many members are in the Parliament of England? The first thing to point out here is that the Parliament of England does not actually exist. It is the Parliament of The United Kingdom. I would also point out that there are three components to the Government of The United Kingdom, which is The House of Commons (commonly referred to as Parliament) The House of Lords (Or the Upper Chamber) and The Queen. In The House of Commons itself,...

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If British colonization has ended, why is India still part of the British Commonwealth? Kim is totally correct! The Statute of Westminster in 1939 effective ended the British Empire and created the Commonwealth of Nations. The Statute essentially gave all the members of the British Empire self government (with a few exceptions here and there, Canada for example, still had to get British Parliament consent to change it’s “constitution” until 1982!) and turned most of the Empire...

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When Her Majesty passes away, will Charles automatically become Head of the Commonwealth? In a nutshell, no. Is it likely? Yes. Head of the Commonwealth is actually an elected position, of which Her Majesty was unanimously voted in for. I find it extremely likely that when Charles becomes King, he too, will become Head of the Commonwealth. There are many reasons for this, but the biggest (IMHO) is that Charles (Like his mother) has been all over the world and met many of...

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What is the proper way to address a member of the Royal Family? This depends on whom you are speaking to. MANY people make the common mistake of referring to Her Majesty as Her Royal Highness, which is an incorrect usage of the term. Kings and Queens are referred to as "Majesty" and Princes and Princesses are referred to as "Royal Highness" Unfortunately, that doesn't always apply in today’s world. Take for example, Lady...

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Who was Queen Anne? Anne was the last of the Stuart line, Daughter of James II and sister to Mary II. She was the last Monarch to veto an Act of Parliament and was Queen during the Act of Union which saw the creation of Great Britian by bringing England and Scotland together to form one country. Anne was actually one of he first "Women's Libbers" in a Royal Family as almost all of her advisors...

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How many people are currently in line for the Throne? Technically, hundreds. It all depends on how far in to the line you want to go. Generally speaking, only the first 20 are really kept track of. However, it should be noted that several people in line have excluded themselves from possible ascension to the Throne as a result of marriage to a Roman Catholic, which is forbidden in the Act of Succession (1702?). The following is a listing...

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When I insert my Hitman 2 CD and try to install, my CDROM drive spins and spins, but nothing happens. I hit Ctr-alt-del, and it says Hitman is not responding. What can I do? The only thing I can possiably suggest is to clean the CD. I have this happen to me every so often with various CDs, (I'm one of those guys that are just TERRIBLE at taking good care of discs!) and more often then not, when I clean it, it works..!

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Is it true that nothing is illegal on the high seas, in international waters? As near as I can tell, this is not true.. There does seem to be a fame work which was passed almost universally through the United Nations, the gest of which you can read at; http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_historical_perspective.htm#Key%20provisions However, this is more about right of passage, settling of disputes between Countries, (I presume boarder...

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Is my landlord allowed to enter my apartment without notification? This largely depends on the laws where you live. I can pretty well promise you that "A police matter" is NOT the sole reason a landlord can enter your apartment. Here in Ontario, a Landlord IS permitted to enter your apartment WITHOUT notice if he has obtained a Bench Warrant to do so and if there is an Emergency situation; IE: Your on Vacation (Or even just at work) and a pipe...

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How do I get the pictures off my cell phone so I can print them? Your best bet, IMHO, is simply to email them to yourself and then print them off... Sounds too simple doesn't it? :)

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Why do mattresses need to be flipped occasionally? Also, as gross as this is, the mattress does collect a HUGE amount of dead skin, dust, pet dander ETC, (Ever notice how light a brand new mattress is compared to an older used one? Guess what makes the difference in weight..? Remember that next time someone askes you to help them move!!) so that flipping it occasionally helps keep a lot of those irritants away from your skin.. NOT that you...

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What is SCUBA certification, and what does it take to become certified? There are two main bodies that do certification, which are PADI and NAUI. While PADI is the more popular, either will get you certified to SCUBA dive. These days, you need to have your Open Water Diver card to even get Air for your tanks! (Although some places will let your by pass this) Basiclly, you go to school for a period of weeks (My Open Water course was 8 weeks once a week)...

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How do politicians justify spending millions of dollars in campaining on a job that only pays a $100K a year or so? Also keep in mind that the Politicians themselves can only spend so much on thier campaign! (Or, at least in MOST places they can!) The rest is made up by things like Fundrasing dinners ETC. So they aren't exactly spending millions of their OWN money..

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What is Elysium? It's sort of a Heaven's Heaven. In Greek mythology it was the place to go when you died if you were favoured by the gods. But as time wore on, it became the only Heaven. It was supposed to be located in the far west of Greece.

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What is a 'chimera'? I have to admit, I had no idea until I looked it up! The Chimera is one of the primordial monsters in Greek mythology. She is a sister of the Spinx and is part lion, part goat, and part serpent. In the eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia, this creature served as a calendar emblem - each third corresponded to a season: the lion to spring, the goat to summer, and the serpent to winter....

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Why do I constantly hear ringing in my ears? What can I do to stop it? Well, talk to a Doctor!! However, what you are asking about sounds like tinnius to me, which is a result of your ears being exposed to loud noises for a long period of time. I think everyone gets a touch of it these days, but if you are like me and have attended one too many concerts and left the headphones blasting on too many times, you've got a constant ringing in your ears....

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I have a graphite mark embedded in my skin from accidentally stabbing myself with a pencil long ago. Is it anything to worry about? I had the EXACT samething!! I've never heard of anyone else who has done that before! Actually, I never did see or ask a Doctor about it, it just sort of became something I lived with. Then one day, I just noticed it was gone..! I don't think it did me any damage, and like I say, it just up and left one day!

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My 3 year-old turtle's butt is swollen, but she is eating and seems healthy. What can be wrong? I'm not a Vet, so don't take this as gospel, but when I had a female turtle and her rear end got larger, I solved that by putting a male turtle in the tank with her.. I *THINK* it's a sign of the Turtle going in to heat....

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Can you install Windows 98 SE on a PC that already has Windows ME installed on it? You can easily do this with out repartitioning your drive. When you installed 98, simply name the directory something other then the default "c:windows". When ever I have done it, I just rename it by the OS, so for 98 I would have it install to c:win98 or vice versa c:win9X

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I've written a paper. How do I go about copyrighting it? You will have to file it with the Library. It is untrue that *ANYTHING* published in the US is automaticlly copywrited; If that were true, then things like Free Domain Software wouldn't exist. There is a difference between Copywrited material and Intellectual Property, no matter how much the Music Industry trys to tell us otherwise....!

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In general, how long can you leave a computer on until it breaks down? THAT is a tricky question! It LARGELY depends on the hardware you have, the enviroment you have your machine in and various other subtle factors you might not even realise! Having GOOD hardware in your machine is VERY important for this example. What is good hardware? Well, that's a question of preference, but it is difficult to go wrong with good brand names. If your machine is...

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Does the royal family of Britain have any actual political power? Both of these answers are right, but they haven't exactly hit the nail on the head so to speak. The Queen DOES IN FACT have some rather powerful political uses. She does call upon (typically) the Leader of the Party who maintains the most seats in the House of Commons. This is not to say however, that this Party itself has the majority of seats in the whole house. The Government of...

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